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The debate on technology neutrality versus technology specificity in environmental regulation, particularly in addressing climate change, has flared up again recently. While earlier discussions
centered on decarbonizing electricity generation, primary attention has shifted to the transition to zero-emission mobility. Critics of the CO2 limits complain that they are not sufficiently technology-neutral, thereby restricting abatement options, limiting flexibility for vehicle manufacturers, and leading to unnecessary costs.
This report aims to quantify the evolution of revenue from the fiscal and parafiscal components of energy carriers for road mobility; describe the current fiscal and parafiscal structures of energy carriers for car mobility; and provide options for designing fiscal energy policies aimed at maintaining revenue neutrality without introducing contradictions to climate policies.
The increasing production and the pace of penetration of clean technologies required to a radical transformation of the global energy system critically depend on the availability of critical minerals.
The high geographic fragmentation of mining activities and the Asian dominance in the processing and refining stages of critical minerals require a progressive diversifying, reshaping and strengthening of the global supply chain structure in order to manage supply risks.
The debate on technology neutrality versus technology specificity in environmental regulation, particularly in addressing climate change, has flared up again recently. While earlier discussions
centered on decarbonizing electricity generation, primary attention has shifted to the transition to zero-emission mobility. Critics of the CO2 limits complain that they are not sufficiently technology-neutral, thereby restricting abatement options, limiting flexibility for vehicle manufacturers, and leading to unnecessary costs.
This report aims to quantify the evolution of revenue from the fiscal and parafiscal components of energy carriers for road mobility; describe the current fiscal and parafiscal structures of energy carriers for car mobility; and provide options for designing fiscal energy policies aimed at maintaining revenue neutrality without introducing contradictions to climate policies.
The increasing production and the pace of penetration of clean technologies required to a radical transformation of the global energy system critically depend on the availability of critical minerals.
The high geographic fragmentation of mining activities and the Asian dominance in the processing and refining stages of critical minerals require a progressive diversifying, reshaping and strengthening of the global supply chain structure in order to manage supply risks.